Leuprolide

What it is

Leuprolide (Lupron, Eligard) is a synthetic GnRH agonist FDA-approved for prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, central precocious puberty, and as part of IVF protocols. The development of GnRH agonist depots in the 1980s revolutionized treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers and several reproductive conditions.

Mechanism of action

Leuprolide initially stimulates pituitary LH/FSH release (a “flare” phase), but continuous (non-pulsatile) administration leads to GnRH receptor desensitization and downregulation. The downstream effect is profound suppression of LH and FSH, leading to suppressed gonadal sex hormone production. In men, testosterone falls to castration levels; in women, estrogen falls to postmenopausal levels.

Approved indications

• Advanced prostate cancer (medical castration)
• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroids
• Central precocious puberty in children
• IVF protocols (downregulation phase)

Why this is out of scope at The Tide

Leuprolide is a specialty medication used in oncology, gynecology, reproductive endocrinology, and pediatric endocrinology. Each indication requires specific expertise in the underlying condition and management of the consequences of hormone suppression. The Tide does not provide oncology, gynecology, or reproductive endocrinology services.

Where to learn more

The appropriate specialist for the relevant condition (oncology, gynecology, reproductive endocrinology, pediatric endocrinology).