Thymosin alpha-1
Zadaxin
Synthetic thymic peptide. Not FDA-approved; approved in some countries outside the US.
Peptide fragments derived from the protein lactoferrin. No FDA-approved drug product.
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in mammalian milk and various secretions, with concentrated levels in colostrum. In laboratory research it has been reported to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Lactoferricin and other lactoferrin-derived peptides are fragments of the parent protein that have been studied for antimicrobial activity.
Bovine lactoferrin and lactoferrin-derived peptide fragments are sold as nutritional supplements and have been studied for applications including infant nutrition, immune function, and antimicrobial use. They have not received specific FDA pharmaceutical approval; lactoferrin peptides are not FDA-approved for any use in the United States.
Proposed mechanisms come from laboratory and animal research:
Lactoferrin has been studied in various clinical contexts, including as an ingredient in infant formula, prevention of certain infections in vulnerable populations, and as an add-on in chronic infections. Results and evidence quality vary by indication, and well-controlled trials establishing the effectiveness and safety of lactoferrin-derived peptides for any medical use are lacking.
The Tide does not prescribe lactoferrin peptides. Standardized lactoferrin peptide pharmaceuticals are not generally available, and their effectiveness for medical uses has not been established.
The safety of lactoferrin-derived peptides as medical treatments has not been established in well-controlled trials, and long-term effects are unknown. Caution is warranted in people with milk protein allergies. Supplement products are not reviewed by the FDA for effectiveness and may vary in purity and content.
Zadaxin
Synthetic thymic peptide. Not FDA-approved; approved in some countries outside the US.
Thymosin alpha-1 alternate designation
Same molecule as Thymosin alpha-1; alternate naming.